{
  "generated_at": "2026-08-26T11:17:10+08:00",
  "method": "prior canonical corpus plus reviewed admissions; automated OpenAlex/KG records enrich exact identities or remain candidate-only; DOI/arXiv/title deduplication; evidence-backed removals; monotonic publication guard",
  "stats": {
    "discovered_raw": 8404,
    "total_deduplicated": 3777,
    "retained_previous_canonical": 3777,
    "deep_verified": 1634,
    "metadata_verified": 2143,
    "with_doi": 3020,
    "with_arxiv_id": 1669,
    "published_day_precision": 3769,
    "published_month_precision": 8,
    "with_authors": 3777,
    "with_institutions": 2897,
    "with_project_page": 873,
    "with_repository": 727,
    "with_weights": 778,
    "with_data": 875,
    "with_license": 510,
    "repository_count": 641,
    "current_practice_scored": 1120,
    "frontier_practice_reviewed": 1034,
    "current_practice_focus": 6,
    "current_practice_high_potential": 192,
    "reclassified_nonpaper": 20,
    "excluded_out_of_scope": 3,
    "openalex_discovery_candidates": 224,
    "included": 3777,
    "needs_review": 0,
    "discovery_failures": 0,
    "detail_pages": 3777,
    "detail_indexed": 3777
  },
  "field_completeness": {
    "paper_source": {
      "count": 3775,
      "percent": 99.9
    },
    "publication_day_precision": {
      "count": 3769,
      "percent": 99.8
    },
    "authors": {
      "count": 3777,
      "percent": 100.0
    },
    "institutions": {
      "count": 2897,
      "percent": 76.7
    },
    "robot_metadata": {
      "count": 733,
      "percent": 19.4
    },
    "project_page": {
      "count": 873,
      "percent": 23.1
    },
    "repository": {
      "count": 727,
      "percent": 19.2
    },
    "weights": {
      "count": 778,
      "percent": 20.6
    },
    "data": {
      "count": 875,
      "percent": 23.2
    },
    "license": {
      "count": 510,
      "percent": 13.5
    },
    "deep_verified": {
      "count": 1634,
      "percent": 43.3
    }
  },
  "by_year": {
    "2026": 1044,
    "2025": 422,
    "2024": 226,
    "2023": 266,
    "2022": 222,
    "2021": 246,
    "2020": 221,
    "2019": 192,
    "2018": 188,
    "2017": 123,
    "2016": 104,
    "2015": 74,
    "2014": 59,
    "2013": 57,
    "2012": 39,
    "2011": 39,
    "2010": 42,
    "2009": 30,
    "2008": 32,
    "2007": 31,
    "2006": 28,
    "2005": 14,
    "2004": 22,
    "2003": 19,
    "2002": 21,
    "2001": 10,
    "2000": 2,
    "1999": 1,
    "1990": 1,
    "1987": 1,
    "1986": 1
  },
  "by_primary_direction": {
    "schema_version": "1.0",
    "policy": "一级方向由受控横评家族和保守语义信号多标签归类；原始自由主题保留在by_topic，不用来定义覆盖缺口。",
    "directions": {
      "空间感知与导航": {
        "papers": 708,
        "deep_verified": 198,
        "with_repository": 83,
        "with_weights": 18,
        "with_data": 30,
        "with_quantified_real_evidence": 68
      },
      "视觉识别与空间理解": {
        "papers": 391,
        "deep_verified": 73,
        "with_repository": 35,
        "with_weights": 12,
        "with_data": 15,
        "with_quantified_real_evidence": 29
      },
      "世界模型与WAM": {
        "papers": 399,
        "deep_verified": 309,
        "with_repository": 178,
        "with_weights": 87,
        "with_data": 80,
        "with_quantified_real_evidence": 144
      },
      "全身控制与足式运动": {
        "papers": 1567,
        "deep_verified": 895,
        "with_repository": 335,
        "with_weights": 94,
        "with_data": 122,
        "with_quantified_real_evidence": 215
      },
      "灵巧操作与视觉触觉": {
        "papers": 516,
        "deep_verified": 290,
        "with_repository": 145,
        "with_weights": 56,
        "with_data": 78,
        "with_quantified_real_evidence": 115
      },
      "通用与轻量VLA": {
        "papers": 584,
        "deep_verified": 444,
        "with_repository": 254,
        "with_weights": 124,
        "with_data": 119,
        "with_quantified_real_evidence": 246
      },
      "人类视频与动作迁移": {
        "papers": 309,
        "deep_verified": 191,
        "with_repository": 96,
        "with_weights": 22,
        "with_data": 46,
        "with_quantified_real_evidence": 49
      },
      "数据、仿真与训练基础设施": {
        "papers": 826,
        "deep_verified": 685,
        "with_repository": 430,
        "with_weights": 185,
        "with_data": 258,
        "with_quantified_real_evidence": 228
      }
    },
    "unmatched_raw_topic_records": 268
  },
  "by_topic": {
    "人形全身运动跟踪": 817,
    "空间感知与导航": 479,
    "通用或轻量 VLA": 423,
    "灵巧手与视觉触觉操作": 401,
    "视觉识别": 314,
    "操作": 243,
    "世界模型与动作条件预测": 165,
    "开放词汇导航": 149,
    "人类视频到机器人动作": 146,
    "Sim-to-real": 137,
    "Loco-manipulation": 135,
    "数据与基准": 101,
    "机器人学习": 98,
    "全身控制": 21,
    "world-models": 3,
    "刚体动力学、全身控制与轨迹优化基础设施": 3,
    "world action models": 2,
    "足式在线适应、Sim-to-real 与本体感觉闭环控制": 2,
    "skill-grounded-robot-orchestration-safety-gate": 1,
    "real2sim dynamics calibration for torque RL": 1,
    "wheel-legged articulated-object loco-manipulation and door traversal": 1,
    "adaptive rollout scheduling for world-action models": 1,
    "quadruped agile locomotion and constrained-space traversal": 1,
    "real-time constrained DDP/MPC for legged locomotion": 1,
    "wheeled-legged body-aware terrain planning and closed-loop navigation": 1,
    "cross-domain world-action-model semantic-prior and predictive-dynamics coordination": 1,
    "RGB-D human-to-robot handover data augmentation and intention-gated real-robot perception": 1,
    "world-action-model future-conditioning and rollout-efficiency evaluation in simulation": 1,
    "world-action-model rollout-free future-conditioning and efficiency evaluation in simulation": 1,
    "compute-flexible multi-stream world-action models": 1,
    "cross-embodiment few-shot skill transfer": 1,
    "persistent scene memory for long-horizon service robots": 1,
    "wireless reconfigurable human-robot collaboration workcells": 1,
    "world-action-model task orchestration, memory and long-horizon failure recovery": 1,
    "low-impedance direct-drive dexterous gripper hardware": 1,
    "world action model video-teacher distillation and bimanual manipulation": 1,
    "human-in-the-loop LLM task planning, digital-twin validation and physical bimanual execution": 1,
    "world action model text-grounded and spatial-aware semantic guidance": 1,
    "multi-paradigm vision-language reward models for robot policy optimization": 1,
    "event-camera simulation for robot perception and synthetic data": 1,
    "event-time hybrid optimal control for dynamic racket tasks": 1,
    "robot demonstration quality auditing and instruction trajectory mismatch detection": 1,
    "4D representation alignment for world action models": 1,
    "graph-grounded LLM planning and event-driven replanning for embodied agents": 1,
    "humanoid whole-body world-action loco-manipulation": 1,
    "sparse-capture ego-view real-to-sim scene refinement for humanoid policy transfer": 1,
    "world-action model visual robustness": 1,
    "robotics simulator fuzz testing": 1,
    "physical prompt injection against robot VLM planners": 1,
    "world-action-model manipulation": 1,
    "articulated real-to-sim asset reconstruction": 1,
    "agentic tool-use frameworks for embodied task execution": 1,
    "lightweight self-supervised monocular depth on edge hardware": 1,
    "world-action-model-real-time-deployment-and-action-chunking": 1,
    "adaptive proprioceptive state estimation for legged robots": 1,
    "low-latency world-action models with lightweight action modules": 1,
    "cross-embodiment proprioceptive kinematic odometry for wheeled and legged robots": 1,
    "mixed-reality natural-language robot programming": 1,
    "human video to robot action and multimodal embodied datasets": 1,
    "legged robotics hardware locomotion autonomy data and application landscape": 1,
    "cost-constrained quadruped sim-to-real": 1,
    "embodiment-agnostic action-conditioned video world models for robot manipulation": 1,
    "latent action pretraining from action-free robot videos": 1,
    "motion-conditioned robot co-design": 1,
    "实时异步VLA与动作分块": 1,
    "轻量世界动作模型与通用VLA": 1,
    "预测潜空间世界动作模型": 1,
    "足式机器人通用任务强化学习": 1,
    "cross-episode object procedure memory": 1,
    "compact unified prediction and planning models": 1,
    "open-vocabulary and vision-language navigation": 1,
    "assistive quadruped navigation and robotic guide dogs": 1,
    "越野长程导航、可通行性先验与图像前沿预测": 1,
    "humanoid loco-manipulation and whole-body planning": 1,
    "操作失败预测与主动干预": 1,
    "real time manipulator dynamic obstacle avoidance": 1,
    "人形社会交互、个性化Agent与多模态表达": 1,
    "自主探索、三维重建与下一最佳视角": 1,
    "可证明安全的模型式强化学习与CBF": 1,
    "机器人运行监测与协议安全验证": 1,
    "灵巧手、全手触觉与低成本人形操作硬件": 1,
    "人形全身控制、安全强化学习与约束投影": 1,
    "动作世界模型、视频后果监督与空中连续控制": 1,
    "冲击感知控制与接触动力学": 1,
    "约束运动生成与安全轨迹学习": 1,
    "LiDAR 端到端局部导航与动态障碍规避": 1,
    "preference aligned robot policy and offline reinforcement learning": 1,
    "神经执行器模型、可微动力学与无传感器力感知": 1,
    "通用VLA、世界动作模型与人类视频到机器人动作": 1,
    "大批量GPU MPC、全身控制与策略蒸馏": 1,
    "开源或可订阅机器人应用平台": 1,
    "GPU机器人运动学与轨迹求解": 1,
    "real-world multimodal human-robot interaction and proactive dialogue": 1,
    "感知地形导航": 1,
    "机器人安全": 1,
    "动作条件世界模型的可采信性评测": 1,
    "scenario-based robot system validation platforms": 1,
    "开放世界机器人规划、模型扩展与主动假设验证": 1,
    "开放词汇导航、全景视觉与无地图目标搜索": 1,
    "通用VLA与潜在世界模型": 1,
    "局部点云地图、八叉树与实时空间数据结构": 1,
    "通用或轻量VLA、机器人训练数据安全与供应链攻击": 1,
    "统一具身基础模型与物理智能体": 1,
    "event based long term 3d feature tracking": 1,
    "通用VLA、任务无关动作预训练与低标注适配": 1,
    "world-action-models": 1,
    "incremental RGB-D 3D semantic scene graph generation for embodied spatial reasoning": 1,
    "cross-domain bisimulation representation for observation-space sim-to-real": 1,
    "robotics edge cloud container and laboratory orchestration platforms": 1,
    "人类视频到机器人动作、约束规划与跨本体迁移": 1,
    "人类或视频到机器人动作、四足生成式动作数据": 1,
    "world-action-model generative replay for continual robot imitation learning": 1,
    "perceptive terrain navigation": 1,
    "具身AgentOS与3D空间记忆": 1,
    "双机器人协作与人类视频到机器人数据": 1,
    "interactive kinesthetic tutoring and continual motor learning for humanoid robots": 1,
    "world-action-model taxonomy and evaluation protocol": 1,
    "asynchronous flow-policy action-chunk execution": 1,
    "通用VLA、潜空间行动规划与世界模型细化": 1,
    "physical-AI evaluation infrastructure and cross-stack traces": 1,
    "hierarchical latent action interfaces for simulated humanoid whole-body reinforcement learning": 1,
    "world-action model for real-time bimanual robot manipulation": 1,
    "轮足动态运输与触觉集合策略": 1,
    "任务驱动3D场景图与开放词汇空间感知": 1,
    "四足动态抓取放置与载荷适应": 1,
    "VLA后训练、在线强化学习探索与真实机器人少样本适应": 1,
    "generalist-world-action-model-and-cross-embodiment-control": 1,
    "world action models with 4D spatial prediction and asynchronous action decoding": 1,
    "Loco-manipulation、腿式机器人协作运输与交互意图估计": 1,
    "world-action-model physical safety and jailbreak evaluation in simulation": 1,
    "open-source quadruped hardware and control platforms": 1,
    "lightweight real-ToF depth completion for large-scale robot mapping and planning": 1,
    "robot-policy-generalization-diagnostics-and-data-coverage": 1,
    "具身推理与动作统一VLA": 1,
    "实时与异步VLA推理": 1,
    "robotics reinforcement-learning training libraries, PPO and teacher-student sim-to-real": 1,
    "human demonstration to synthetic robot data": 1,
    "轮足本体—控制协同与混合移动": 1,
    "通用VLA、具身推理与跨本体机器人基础模型": 1,
    "real-robot shared-autonomy teleoperation for contact-rich demonstration collection": 1,
    "低成本双臂遥操作、模仿学习与数据采集": 1,
    "multimodal behavior cloning, discretized action tokens and transformer action heads": 1,
    "语言条件规划、技能选择与移动操作": 1,
    "足式Sim-to-real、域随机化与快速运动控制": 1,
    "robot simulation, continuous-control benchmarks and MuJoCo-based training infrastructure": 1,
    "交互式物理仿真、操作基准与Sim-to-real": 1,
    "视觉触觉多方向传感器": 1,
    "rigid-body dynamics, whole-body control and trajectory-optimization infrastructure": 1,
    "remote teleoperation, low-cost demonstration collection and robot-learning data infrastructure": 1,
    "legged whole-body motion interface, action abstraction and feedback execution": 1,
    "机器人仿真、接触动力学与连续控制训练基础设施": 1,
    "机器人中间件、实机部署、传感器与全身控制系统集成": 1,
    "足式平台、动态控制与野外粗糙地形": 1,
    "被动动态行走、能效足式动力学与主动补能": 1,
    "操作空间、全身控制与运动—力统一": 1,
    "动态足式控制、落足规划与主动平衡": 1
  },
  "top_venues": {
    "arXiv": 810,
    "arXiv preprint": 222,
    "arXiv technical report": 105,
    "arXiv (Cornell University)": 92,
    "IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters": 85,
    "Sensors": 76,
    "IEEE Access": 75,
    "IEEE Transactions on Robotics": 46,
    "Frontiers in Robotics and AI": 45,
    "arXiv v1 (cs.RO)": 38,
    "里程碑人工核验": 35,
    "Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence": 34,
    "The International Journal of Robotics Research": 32,
    "Autonomous Robots": 28,
    "Robotics and Autonomous Systems": 27,
    "Applied Sciences": 25,
    "International Journal of Social Robotics": 21,
    "Robotics": 20,
    "Frontiers in Neurorobotics": 20,
    "Science Robotics": 18,
    "Lecture notes in computer science": 16,
    "IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics": 15,
    "未披露": 15,
    "Nature Communications": 14,
    "ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction": 14,
    "PLoS ONE": 14,
    "Journal of Field Robotics": 14,
    "Robotics: Science and Systems XIX": 13,
    "2018 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)": 13,
    "IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering": 12,
    "IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence": 12,
    "Annual Review of Control Robotics and Autonomous Systems": 12,
    "Journal of Human-Robot Interaction": 12,
    "IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine": 11,
    "Advanced Intelligent Systems": 11,
    "Proceedings of the IEEE": 11,
    "IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics": 10,
    "Robotics: Science and Systems XX": 10,
    "Current Robotics Reports": 10,
    "Frontiers in Psychology": 10
  },
  "by_institution": {
    "Tsinghua University": 105,
    "Carnegie Mellon University": 97,
    "Stanford University": 90,
    "Italian Institute of Technology": 82,
    "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique": 78,
    "University of California, Berkeley": 77,
    "Massachusetts Institute of Technology": 68,
    "Shanghai Jiao Tong University": 63,
    "Zhejiang University": 61,
    "Peking University": 60,
    "ETH Zurich": 59,
    "Georgia Institute of Technology": 56,
    "Technical University of Munich": 47,
    "University of Southern California": 44,
    "National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology": 44,
    "Imperial College London": 42,
    "Google (United States)": 40,
    "Harbin Institute of Technology": 39,
    "National University of Singapore": 38,
    "Chinese Academy of Sciences": 37,
    "École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne": 36,
    "The University of Tokyo": 35,
    "University of Washington": 34,
    "Nanyang Technological University": 33,
    "University of Chinese Academy of Sciences": 32,
    "Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)": 30,
    "NVIDIA": 29,
    "University of Edinburgh": 29,
    "Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems": 29,
    "Beijing Institute of Technology": 28,
    "Beihang University": 28,
    "Fudan University": 27,
    "University of Science and Technology of China": 26,
    "University of Oxford": 26,
    "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology": 25,
    "Huazhong University of Science and Technology": 25,
    "University of Michigan": 25,
    "Harvard University": 25,
    "The University of Texas at Austin": 25,
    "Nanjing University": 24,
    "University of California San Diego": 24,
    "Southern University of Science and Technology": 24,
    "University of Twente": 23,
    "Hong Kong University of Science and Technology": 23,
    "University College London": 23,
    "University of Cambridge": 23,
    "Laboratoire d'Analyse et d'Architecture des Systèmes": 23,
    "University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign": 22,
    "Robotics Research (United States)": 22,
    "University of Pisa": 22
  },
  "institution_metadata_missing": 880,
  "by_robot": {
    "Unitree G1": 42,
    "LIBERO": 17,
    "Unitree Go2": 14,
    "Franka Research 3": 13,
    "Franka Panda": 12,
    "Intel RealSense D435i": 9,
    "Intel RealSense D435": 9,
    "Franka Emika Panda": 8,
    "UR5": 8,
    "UR5e": 7,
    "Robotiq 2F-85": 6,
    "CALVIN": 6,
    "Unitree Go1": 6,
    "WidowX": 5,
    "RoboTwin 2.0": 5,
    "LIBERO-Plus": 5,
    "LIBERO simulated manipulator": 5,
    "Unitree G1 29-DoF": 5,
    "Boston Dynamics Spot": 5,
    "Allegro Hand": 5,
    "AgileX Piper": 4,
    "Unitree G1 humanoid": 4,
    "LIBERO robot": 4,
    "RealSense D435i": 4,
    "three RGB cameras": 4,
    "LIBERO simulated robot": 4,
    "MetaWorld": 4,
    "SimplerEnv": 4,
    "MuJoCo": 4,
    "NVIDIA RTX 4090": 4,
    "LIBERO simulation": 4,
    "Franka FR3": 4,
    "Unitree Z1": 4,
    "Unitree G1 humanoid robot": 4,
    "Jetson AGX Orin": 3,
    "Unitree Z1 arm": 3,
    "Unitree H1": 3,
    "Boston Dynamics Spot with arm": 3,
    "LIBERO simulated manipulation environments": 3,
    "RoboTwin simulated robots": 3,
    "simulated humanoid": 3,
    "RGB-D camera": 3,
    "NVIDIA Jetson Orin": 3,
    "NVIDIA Isaac Sim": 3,
    "ARX-X5": 3,
    "Franka": 3,
    "Robotiq gripper": 3,
    "Jetson Orin Nano": 3,
    "Universal Robots UR5e": 3,
    "Astribot S1": 3,
    "Agilex PIPER": 3,
    "UFactory xArm7": 3,
    "TurtleBot4": 3,
    "Intel RealSense D455": 3,
    "Booster T1": 3,
    "Unitree G1 simulation": 3,
    "Unitree Go2-W": 2,
    "ZED2i": 2,
    "Unitree H1-2": 2,
    "ALOHA": 2,
    "RealMan RM65-B": 2,
    "wrist camera": 2,
    "LIBERO simulated manipulation": 2,
    "parallel-jaw gripper": 2,
    "Galaxea R1 Pro": 2,
    "RoboTwin simulation": 2,
    "LIBERO simulated manipulation benchmark": 2,
    "OpenVLA-OFT": 2,
    "Franka arm": 2,
    "Livox Mid-360": 2,
    "xArm 7": 2,
    "LeRobot SO-101": 2,
    "Google Robot": 2,
    "Habitat simulated mobile robot": 2,
    "two AgileX Piper arms": 2,
    "simulated quadruped": 2,
    "RoboCasa simulated mobile manipulator": 2,
    "Kinova Gen3": 2,
    "Aloha-AgileX": 2,
    "Isaac Sim": 2,
    "Mobile ALOHA": 2,
    "RLBench": 2,
    "RMBench": 2,
    "ZED 2i": 2,
    "dual-arm tabletop platform": 2,
    "Isaac Gym": 2,
    "ManiSkill": 2,
    "Inspire Hand": 2,
    "ARX Lift2": 2,
    "Intel RealSense D405": 2,
    "LIBERO simulated Franka Panda": 2,
    "RoboTwin": 2,
    "AgileX PiPER dual-arm robot": 2,
    "LIBERO simulated Franka": 2,
    "PICO VR teleoperation": 2,
    "Franka Panda simulation": 2,
    "ROBOTIS OP3": 2,
    "Isaac Lab": 2,
    "RoboCasa": 2,
    "Allegro Hand simulation": 2,
    "Franka Emika Research 3": 2,
    "TurtleBot 4": 2,
    "ZED Mini": 2,
    "MIDAS Hand": 2,
    "NVIDIA Isaac Lab": 2,
    "da Vinci Research Kit": 2,
    "AIRBOT Play": 2,
    "RealSense D455": 2,
    "DROID Franka robots": 2,
    "Pioneer 3-DX": 2,
    "Intel RealSense RGB-D": 2,
    "Shadow Hand": 2,
    "LIBERO simulated arm": 2,
    "Unitree B2": 2,
    "AgiBot Genie1": 2,
    "LEAP Hand": 2,
    "ARX X5": 2,
    "RoboTwin2.0 dual-arm simulation": 2,
    "Robotiq 2F-85 gripper": 2,
    "humanoid simulation": 2,
    "quadruped mobile manipulator": 2,
    "RoboCasa simulation": 2,
    "Agility Robotics Digit": 2,
    "RoboCasa-GR1": 2,
    "AgileX PiPER 6-DoF arm": 2,
    "Aloha-AgileX simulation": 2,
    "Booster T1 humanoid robot": 2,
    "IMU": 2,
    "Unitree H1 humanoid robot": 2,
    "PAL Robotics TALOS": 2,
    "Musashi-W musculoskeletal humanoid": 1,
    "AgileX PiPER": 1,
    "Unitree G1 42-DoF simulation": 1,
    "双臂真实操作平台（论文未将平台型号作为通用人形证据）": 1,
    "UGV": 1,
    "drone": 1,
    "AgileX PiPER dual-arm with Pika Grippers": 1,
    "Tianji dual-arm with Wuji dexterous hands": 1,
    "Piper arm x2": 1,
    "RealSense": 1,
    "dual-arm Franka simulation": 1,
    "dual-arm Realman real robot": 1,
    "Astribot S1 dual-arm robot": 1,
    "D430 depth camera": 1,
    "RAIBO2": 1,
    "Franka Emika Panda + Inspire FTP hand in case studies": 1,
    "commercial dexterous hands": 1,
    "Flexiv Rizon 4s": 1,
    "XenseGripper": 1,
    "robot manipulation platform not identified in verified arXiv abstract": 1,
    "robotic tactile/vision acquisition platform; exact robot embodiment not established in verified sources": 1,
    "7-DoF manipulator": 1,
    "direct-drive 6-DoF dexterous hand": 1,
    "piezoresistive fingertip tactile arrays": 1,
    "conveyor-belt manipulation arm": 1,
    "humanoid simulation model; exact embodiment not disclosed on abstract surface": 1,
    "Unitree G1 29-DoF (simulation)": 1,
    "FastWAM policy": 1,
    "two 6-DoF YAM arms": 1,
    "HalfCheetah": 1,
    "MuJoCo Hopper": 1,
    "Walker2d": 1,
    "Allegro Right Hand": 1,
    "UR10": 1,
    "UMI gripper": 1,
    "6-DoF Inspire hand": 1,
    "7-DoF xArm": 1,
    "Dobot Atom humanoid": 1,
    "Unitree A2-W wheel-legged base": 1,
    "ARMDOG platform": 1,
    "quadruped mobile manipulator with 16 leg joints, 6-DoF arm and gripper": 1,
    "autonomous driving ego vehicle; no humanoid or legged robot": 1,
    "EngineAI SA01, 12-DoF biped": 1,
    "Unitree AlienGo": 1,
    "IMETA-Y1 arm with bilateral DM-Tac W2 tactile sensors": 1,
    "IMETA-Y1 robot with bilateral DM-Tac W2 sensors and three RGB views": 1,
    "ALOHA-1 bimanual platform": 1,
    "ALOHA-Agilex in RoboTwin": 1,
    "Flexiv-Sharpa": 1,
    "Kuka iiwa7 + Allegro": 1,
    "cross-embodiment framework; no new robot experiment": 1,
    "SRBD quadruped model; simulation only": 1,
    "Ability": 1,
    "Allegro": 1,
    "Inspire": 1,
    "SCHUNK SVH": 1,
    "Unitree Dex3": 1,
    "XHand": 1,
    "Maker L01": 1,
    "heterogeneous robots (platforms unspecified); Jetson AGX Orin deployment measurement": 1,
    "LEJU upper-body humanoid": 1,
    "Realman RM75-6F": 1,
    "flexible-pipe real robot proof of concept": 1,
    "heterogeneous robot/arm data": 1,
    "33-DoF physical humanoid; exact commercial model not named in verified text": 1,
    "HONOR Omega 1.0": 1,
    "Unitree B2 + Z1 fetcher (simulated)": 1,
    "Unitree Go2 guider": 1,
    "Allegro Hand V5": 1,
    "ALOHA in RoboTwin 2.0": 1,
    "Piper real robot": 1,
    "Dex1-1": 1,
    "multiple robot embodiments (unified 40-dimensional state/action space)": 1,
    "TienKung 2.0 humanoid": 1,
    "TienKung 3.0 humanoid": 1,
    "humanoid robot (seven real-world whole-body loco-manipulation tasks)": 1,
    "AgiBot A2 dual-arm robot (real-world Pick-and-Place and Packaging Line Material Feeding)": 1,
    "Dex3-1": 1,
    "Unitree G1 in downstream retargeting": 1,
    "frozen π0-family VLA in RoboMemArena simulator": 1,
    "9DTact dual tactile sensors": 1,
    "DH Robotics PGIA-series gripper": 1,
    "RealMan RM65-B robotic arm": 1,
    "tactile parallel gripper": 1,
    "RoboTwin 2.0 dual-arm simulation": 1,
    "dual Franka workcell": 1,
    "Unitree G1 with bilateral 60-taxel plantar pressure insoles": 1,
    "Unitree G1 with bilateral plantar pressure insoles": 1,
    "dual-finger manipulation platform": 1,
    "12-DoF XHand": 1,
    "UFactory xArm": 1,
    "two 22-DoF Sharpa Wave hands": 1,
    "two upgraded YAM Pro arms": 1,
    "human hand / future robot learning": 1,
    "UR7e 6-DoF robot-assisted ultrasound platform": 1,
    "FR3 robot": 1,
    "simulated manipulation embodiments": 1,
    "DexH13": 1,
    "Paxini Tora": 1,
    "Internal-A (12 lower-body DoF, 1.61 m)": 1,
    "Internal-A (undisclosed)": 1,
    "Internal-A simulated humanoid": 1,
    "Internal-B (12 lower-body DoF, 1.17 m)": 1,
    "Internal-B (undisclosed)": 1,
    "Internal-B simulated humanoid": 1,
    "Unitree G1 (12 lower-body DoF, 1.32 m)": 1,
    "Unitree H1 (10 lower-body DoF, 1.80 m)": 1,
    "UFactory xArm 7": 1,
    "eye-in-hand RGB camera": 1,
    "fixed third-person RGB camera": 1,
    "14-DoF AgileX Piper dual-arm robot with three synchronized RGB cameras": 1,
    "AgileX Piper 14-DoF dual-arm robot": 1,
    "three synchronized RGB cameras": 1,
    "Deep Robotics Jueying Lite3 quadruped": 1,
    "HM3D-OVON simulated navigation agent": 1,
    "LangMap simulated navigation agent": 1,
    "29-DoF humanoid MuJoCo evaluation model; no physical robot experiment": 1,
    "dexterous-hand target embodiment": 1,
    "parallel-jaw gripper target embodiment": 1,
    "RoboTwin 2.0 bimanual simulation benchmark; paper does not report a physical robot platform": 1,
    "Piper Nero 7-DoF leader-follower arms": 1,
    "WujiHand I 20-DoF five-finger hand": 1,
    "VLABench simulated manipulation embodiments; no physical robot evaluated": 1,
    "RoboTwin 2.0 simulated bimanual manipulation embodiments": 1,
    "SurRoL dVRK-compatible PegTransfer simulation; no physical robot evaluated": 1,
    "NAVSIM autonomous-driving simulation benchmark": 1,
    "Intel RealSense L515": 1,
    "DROID/Franka integration": 1,
    "Galaxea R1 Lite": 1,
    "SO-100/101": 1,
    "26 target dexterous hand or hand-arm URDF embodiments": 1,
    "AgileX Piper 6-DoF arm": 1,
    "AgileX Piper 6DoF arm": 1,
    "third-person RGB camera": 1,
    "wrist-mounted RGB camera": 1,
    "dual AgileX Piper 6-DoF manipulation arms": 1,
    "released CobotMagic/Piper real-data records": 1,
    "Unitree G1 dual-arm configuration": 1,
    "two Dex3-1 hands": 1,
    "RoboTwin 2.0 simulated manipulation environments": 1,
    "SSUP-HRI mobile robot recordings": 1,
    "sensorized Shelfy mobile robot": 1,
    "two Inspire RH56DFTP dexterous hands": 1,
    "LIBERO and LIBERO-Plus simulation": 1,
    "stationary bimanual YAM: two 6-DoF arms with parallel grippers": 1,
    "UR3": 1,
    "custom 3D-printed fabric grippers": 1,
    "dual-arm ARX X5": 1,
    "BridgeV2 WidowX 7-DoF teleoperation data": 1,
    "SimplerEnv visual-matching WidowX suite": 1,
    "bimanual YAM platform": 1,
    "RoboTwin 2.0 simulated dual-arm platform": 1,
    "in-house dual-arm LIFT2 (ARX R5)": 1,
    "JIGSAWS/dVRK historical teleoperation recordings": 1,
    "SurRoL simulated surgical robot": 1,
    "OmniGibson simulated mobile robot": 1,
    "physical mobile service robot with onboard RGB-D and LiDAR": 1,
    "6-DoF arm": 1,
    "Unitree Go2 Edu": 1,
    "arm-mounted RGB camera": 1,
    "OpenVLA": 1,
    "Franka 7-DoF arm": 1,
    "OpenVLA-7B": 1,
    "pi0-FAST": 1,
    "Intel RealSense D455 RGB-D": 1,
    "GELLO teleoperation": 1,
    "Intel RealSense D435 main camera": 1,
    "RoboTwin 2.0 simulated bimanual platform": 1,
    "RoboTwin simulated bimanual platform": 1,
    "two Intel RealSense D405 wrist cameras": 1,
    "two YAM arms": 1,
    "AgileX Cobot Magic dual-arm": 1,
    "real-world manipulator": 1,
    "USC Koch": 1,
    "USC Trossen": 1,
    "USC xArm": 1,
    "UTD SO101": 1,
    "dual-arm Franka system": 1,
    "two third-person cameras": 1,
    "wrist cameras": 1,
    "ManiSkill embodiments": 1,
    "RoboTwin embodiments": 1,
    "UTIL UWB-IMU platform": 1,
    "i2Nav-Robot GNSS-INS platform": 1,
    "Agilex Cobot Magic dataset embodiment": 1,
    "Franka real-world evaluation stack": 1,
    "custom manipulator": 1,
    "simulated Unitree G1 with Robotiq gripper": 1,
    "RoboDojo real-robot platforms": 1,
    "Unitree G1 27-DoF humanoid model in MuJoCo simulation": 1,
    "RTX 4090M": 1,
    "wheeled mobile robot": 1,
    "DexKit soft hand": 1,
    "custom synchronized handheld mechatronic platform": 1,
    "Franka Production 3": 1,
    "UR10 collaborative robot": 1,
    "battery-powered mobile multisensor platform": 1,
    "Isaac Sim Franka Panda": 1,
    "simulated marble labyrinth": 1,
    "RoboCerebra Ideal simulated manipulation agents": 1,
    "RoboMemArena simulated dual-view manipulator": 1,
    "SimplerEnv Google Robot": 1,
    "SimplerEnv WidowX": 1,
    "RoboMemArena simulated robot": 1,
    "Clearpath Husky A200": 1,
    "Jetson AGX Orin 32GB": 1,
    "Velodyne VLP-32": 1,
    "9-DoF three-finger DDD gripper prototype": 1,
    "simulated UAV in AirSim": 1,
    "Realman RM65-B dual-arm da Vinci-like surgical platform": 1,
    "simulated differential-drive robot": 1,
    "real-world bimanual robot platform": 1,
    "Intel RealSense D435 RGB-D camera": 1,
    "two Franka Emika Panda 7-DoF arms": 1,
    "two Franka Emika Panda arms": 1,
    "two Tesollo DG-3F 12-DoF three-finger grippers": 1,
    "two Tesollo DG-3F grippers": 1,
    "OpenAI Gym BipedalWalker simulation": 1,
    "OpenAI Gym CarRacing simulation": 1,
    "AgileX Cobot dual-arm platform": 1,
    "DROID": 1,
    "PAIBench-G video-generation robot tasks": 1,
    "LiberoLong-10 simulation": 1,
    "RMBench simulated manipulator": 1,
    "RMBench simulation": 1,
    "NVIDIA Isaac Sim simulated robots": 1,
    "MuJoCo simulated insertion tool": 1,
    "SIMPLER simulated manipulator": 1,
    "custom automated four-finger coin-grasping apparatus": 1,
    "simulated Adroit Shadow Hand": 1,
    "simulated dog": 1,
    "RoboTwin 2.0 simulated bimanual robot": 1,
    "KUKA Agilus KR6 R900": 1,
    "undisclosed tabletop robot platform": 1,
    "ARX LIFT2 bimanual robot": 1,
    "RoboTwin robots": 1,
    "AI2-THOR embodied agent": 1,
    "VirtualHome agent": 1,
    "Project Aria egocentric sensor": 1,
    "UE5 simulated grasping robot": 1,
    "Ego-OSCAR head-mounted human capture rig": 1,
    "robot-assisted radical prostatectomy video dataset": 1,
    "Habitat simulated embodied agent": 1,
    "AgiBot-G1 dual-arm humanoid": 1,
    "AgileX dual-arm Cobot": 1,
    "LIBERO-Goal": 1,
    "Mobile ALOHA design": 1,
    "OGBench": 1,
    "LiDAR": 1,
    "ROS2 MoveIt Nav2": 1,
    "dual OpenArm manipulators": 1,
    "mobile base": 1,
    "vertical slide": 1,
    "Azure Kinect": 1,
    "Diablo wheeled robot": 1,
    "GRScenes simulated environments": 1,
    "robot manipulator with custom PDMS IMU fingertips": 1,
    "Azure Kinect V4": 1,
    "BrainCo Revo1 dexterous hand": 1,
    "elfin3 manipulator": 1,
    "12-DoF quadruped robot (model not disclosed)": 1,
    "MATRiX quadruped simulation": 1,
    "12 actor GPUs for consolidation": 1,
    "AI2-THOR": 1,
    "EmbodiedBench ALFRED": 1,
    "EmbodiedBench Habitat": 1,
    "ProcTHOR": 1,
    "Agilex Piper": 1,
    "Agilex Scout Mini": 1,
    "Livox MID-360": 1,
    "offline TUM RGB-D sequences": 1,
    "Inspire DexHands": 1,
    "SONIC low-level whole-body controller": 1,
    "AprilTags": 1,
    "RTX 3080": 1,
    "Robotiq Hand-E": 1,
    "two RealSense D415": 1,
    "GPT-4o": 1,
    "Gemini 2.5 Flash": 1,
    "Kinova manipulator as photographed workspace": 1,
    "Qwen3-VL-32B": 1,
    "Piper": 1,
    "Genesis": 1,
    "Newton": 1,
    "video world models": 1,
    "Psibot tactile dexterous hand": 1,
    "simulated ShadowHand": 1,
    "AgiBot G1": 1,
    "JoyAI-RA-0.1": 1,
    "NVIDIA A100-80GB": 1,
    "GelSight Mini baseline": 1,
    "Jetson Orin NX baseline": 1,
    "XCZU19EG FPGA": 1,
    "custom visuotactile sensor": 1,
    "servo withdrawal assembly": 1,
    "unidentified physical robot arm": 1,
    "CALVIN robot": 1,
    "DMControl simulated agents": 1,
    "CoBoT Magic": 1,
    "Dobot CR5A": 1,
    "Fetch mobile manipulator": 1,
    "FrankaKitchen": 1,
    "PR2 mobile manipulator": 1,
    "Fourier GR-1": 1,
    "Unreal Engine 5.3": 1,
    "ManiSkill-HAB": 1,
    "Alpamayo-1.5": 1,
    "PhysicalAI-AV": 1,
    "Pi0": 1,
    "SmolVLA": 1,
    "UFACTORY xArm 6": 1,
    "LIBERO MuJoCo simulated manipulator": 1,
    "physical bimanual manipulation platform; exact model not disclosed": 1,
    "32x32 pressure arrays": 1,
    "STAG 548-taxel resistive glove": 1,
    "ATI Axia M20 force sensor": 1,
    "UMI-derived parallel gripper": 1,
    "custom chisel tool": 1,
    "two KUKA LBR iiwa 7 manipulators": 1,
    "two global Intel RealSense D415 cameras": 1,
    "wrist RealSense D405 and D415 cameras": 1,
    "PAPRAS custom 6-DoF arm": 1,
    "PAPRAS custom 7-DoF arm": 1,
    "RGB-D wrist camera": 1,
    "mjlab": 1,
    "BONES-SEED": 1,
    "LaFAN1": 1,
    "MimicKit": 1,
    "robots represented in Agibot-2025, Bridge, RT-1 and pooled upstream datasets": 1,
    "RealSense L515": 1,
    "A40": 1,
    "H100": 1,
    "H20": 1,
    "Jetson Thor": 1,
    "RTX 5090": 1,
    "BrainCo Revo2 Touch": 1,
    "MAGICAL": 1,
    "ManiSkill3": 1,
    "AgileX ALOHA-style dual Piper": 1,
    "physical bimanual dexterous platform; exact model not disclosed": 1,
    "simulated Unitree G1": 1,
    "RoboCasa365 simulated mobile manipulator": 1,
    "Franka/DROID physical setup": 1,
    "simulated 10-agent swarm": 1,
    "simulated car parking": 1,
    "simulated quadcopter-pole": 1,
    "simulated truck-trailer": 1,
    "KITTI": 1,
    "Make3D": 1,
    "Raspberry Pi 4 evaluation device": 1,
    "unnamed bimanual end-effector robot at 10 Hz": 1,
    "KUKA robot arm": 1,
    "SharpaWave dexterous hand": 1,
    "RMBench simulated bimanual robot": 1,
    "ARX ACone": 1,
    "UR5-WSG": 1,
    "humanoid simulation embodiments": 1,
    "TWINS Isomorphic Robot": 1,
    "TWINS Wearable Dual-Arm Device": 1,
    "RoboTwin 2.0 simulated bimanual manipulation": 1,
    "MANUS glove": 1,
    "Universal Robots UR7e": 1,
    "VIVE Tracker": 1,
    "XHand five-finger dexterous hand": 1,
    "XHand five-finger dexterous hand on UR7e arm": 1,
    "XHand tactile sensors": 1,
    "LAFAN1": 1,
    "ONNX 50 Hz deployment": 1,
    "SICK deTec2 light curtain": 1,
    "Siemens S7-1500 fail-safe chain": 1,
    "Unitree G1 EDU": 1,
    "wireless PROFIsafe": 1,
    "pneumatic wristband": 1,
    "simulated parallel-jaw manipulators": 1,
    "vibrotactile wristband": 1,
    "Agibot Expedition A2 humanoid": 1,
    "multi-camera RGB setup": 1,
    "AgileX RANGER MINI 3 base with dual AgileX PIPER arms": 1,
    "Chef Robotics Sandi bimanual sandwich assembly system": 1,
    "LIBERO simulated manipulation robots": 1,
    "VLA-Arena simulated manipulation robots": 1,
    "LIBERO simulated Franka embodiment": 1,
    "RoboTwin 2.0 simulated bimanual embodiments": 1,
    "custom parallel-link quadruped robot": 1,
    "Kinova Gen3 test arm": 1,
    "iCub face geometry prototype": 1,
    "UMI-inspired two-finger tactile manipulation platform": 1,
    "cable-driven parallel robot": 1,
    "Rover Robotics Rover Mini": 1,
    "simulated hexapod": 1,
    "simulated wheeled morphologies": 1,
    "ARX dual arm": 1,
    "Cybopal single/dual arm": 1,
    "Franka 7-DoF": 1,
    "ARX-X5 dual-arm simulation": 1,
    "AgileX Piper dual-arm": 1,
    "PiPER robot": 1,
    "Franka Panda 7-DoF": 1,
    "two Intel RealSense D435i": 1,
    "ARX LIFT mobile manipulator": 1,
    "Fetch mobile manipulator in MS-HAB": 1,
    "3-DoF robotic endoscope": 1,
    "physical ERCP phantom": 1,
    "physical esophagoscopy phantom": 1,
    "physical ureteroscopy phantom": 1,
    "AgileX Cobot Magic": 1,
    "Wan2.2-5B": 1,
    "BEHAVIOR-1K household simulation": 1,
    "OmniGibson humanoid agent (simulation only)": 1,
    "Robotiq 2F-140": 1,
    "Habitat simulated ObjectNav agent": 1,
    "Yahboom X3 mobile robot": 1,
    "Clearpath Husky A100 + UR10 6-DoF arm in Isaac Sim": 1,
    "commercial Realman mobile manipulator author hardware demonstration": 1,
    "Lightbot 0": 1,
    "UniVTAC simulated visuo-tactile manipulator": 1,
    "AgileX Scout V2 digital twin": 1,
    "KUKA KR600 digital twin": 1,
    "UR3 digital twin": 1,
    "Unitree G1 digital twin": 1,
    "WidowX-250S": 1,
    "Tianji-Wuji": 1,
    "Barrett WAM 4-DoF leader with custom 3-DoF wrist exoskeleton": 1,
    "Barrett WAM 7-DoF follower": 1,
    "BarrettHand BH8-262": 1,
    "10 AgileX PiPER arms": 1,
    "LIBERO-10 simulated clients": 1,
    "single NVIDIA L40S GPU": 1,
    "Maze2D": 1,
    "Quanser QArm 4-DoF": 1,
    "SO-101 5-DoF": 1,
    "dual head RGB cameras": 1,
    "three-finger dexterous hands": 1,
    "AUBO i5": 1,
    "CTAG2F90C gripper": 1,
    "LIBERO simulated manipulators": 1,
    "simulated 72-DoF humanoid with two 20-DoF anthropomorphic hands": 1,
    "Jetson Nano synchronisation node": 1,
    "NVIDIA Booster T1 embedded module": 1,
    "Prophesee EVK4 event camera": 1,
    "custom 18-DoF humanoid upper body": 1,
    "Google Robot simulation": 1,
    "WidowX simulation": 1,
    "机器人平台未在摘要披露": 1,
    "Dingo": 1,
    "TurtleBot": 1,
    "human ACE capture rig; no released robot-control embodiment": 1,
    "DexMimicGen": 1,
    "LIBERO Franka Panda": 1,
    "MimicGen": 1,
    "Robosuite": 1,
    "MANO hand simulation": 1,
    "Sharpa Wave hand simulation": 1,
    "Omron mobile base": 1,
    "UR7e": 1,
    "three-finger dexterous hand with two FasTac fingertips": 1,
    "three-fingered dexterous hand with FasTac fingertips": 1,
    "two-fingered feedback grasp on a plastic bottle": 1,
    "RPLidar A1": 1,
    "RTX 3080 training": 1,
    "unspecified robot arm": 1,
    "author contact-rich manipulation platform; exact hardware identity not disclosed on project page": 1,
    "IIWA": 1,
    "Jaco": 1,
    "Kinova3": 1,
    "Panda": 1,
    "ViperX 300 S": 1,
    "EfficientTAM": 1,
    "Agilex Cobot Magic": 1,
    "humanoid robots (review scope)": 1,
    "quadrupedal robots (review scope)": 1,
    "PiperX": 1,
    "PolaRiS Franka": 1,
    "SIMPLER WidowX": 1,
    "LIBERO Franka simulation": 1,
    "RoboTwin 2.0 bimanual simulation": 1,
    "Flexiv arm in RH20T": 1,
    "KUKA arm in RH20T": 1,
    "POKEWORLD simulated tactile system": 1,
    "ESP32": 1,
    "Mini Pupper 2": 1,
    "brushed DC position servos": 1,
    "RTX 4070": 1,
    "AGILE PiPER dual-arm": 1,
    "Orbbec DABAI": 1,
    "AgileX Tracer wheeled mobile base": 1,
    "Unitree humanoid robot": 1,
    "laptop microphone": 1,
    "DIYRobot dual-arm platform": 1,
    "two NVIDIA L20 GPUs": 1,
    "Isaac Sim surgical tasks": 1,
    "exocentric RGB-D camera": 1,
    "fixed parallel gripper": 1,
    "RoboCasa365 simulation": 1,
    "Piper 6-DoF": 1,
    "ManiSkill3 desktop container-manipulation simulation; no physical robot experiment": 1,
    "real bimanual deployment robot": 1,
    "robot-free bimanual capture rig": 1,
    "ViperX": 1,
    "humanoid design space": 1,
    "quadruped manipulator": 1,
    "ALOHA dual-arm robot": 1,
    "ILOHA/Aloha-type right arm": 1,
    "Intel RealSense": 1,
    "four TAMAGO-03 microphone arrays": 1,
    "Agilex Piper bimanual platform": 1,
    "LIBERO and LIBERO-Plus simulated manipulation": 1,
    "ARX5 dual arm": 1,
    "SIMPLER": 1,
    "AgileX Piper-X dual-arm mobile platform": 1,
    "SONG 3DGS simulation": 1,
    "mobile dual-arm platform (model not disclosed in verified source)": 1,
    "two-generation wheeled humanoid platform (model not disclosed in verified source)": 1,
    "AGIBOT G1 wheeled humanoid": 1,
    "AGIBOT G2": 1,
    "ARX AC One": 1,
    "bimanual Franka Research 3": 1,
    "MoMa-Kitchen simulated mobile-manipulation platform": 1,
    "BOSGAME N100": 1,
    "Meta Quest 3": 1,
    "Kim humanoid robot head": 1,
    "NVIDIA Jetson Orin AGX": 1,
    "Flexiv": 1,
    "InTac S1 tactile sensors": 1,
    "PiPER dual arm": 1,
    "UniVTAC / NeoSim simulation tasks": 1,
    "BFM-Zero humanoid simulation": 1,
    "SO-101 real robot arm pilot": 1,
    "Unitree G1 in Humanoid-Gym simulation": 1,
    "Azure Kinect DK": 1,
    "NVIDIA RTX 3080": 1,
    "X-Square WALL-OSS (illustrative non-comparable case study only)": 1,
    "low-cost Mecanum-wheel mobile manipulator": 1,
    "Haptron PhotonR75 force/torque sensor": 1,
    "SonoScape S80 ultrasound system": 1,
    "TerraSentia skid-steer": 1,
    "Intel RealSense D405 RGB-D camera": 1,
    "RLBench/RLBench2 simulated dual-arm robots": 1,
    "two Franka Emika arms": 1,
    "Franka Research 3 physical manipulator": 1,
    "MuJoCo tabletop manipulation simulation; robot arm model is not disclosed as a physical platform": 1,
    "ARX-5 fixed-base arm": 1,
    "Logitech webcam": 1,
    "RoboMimic": 1,
    "Direct Drive Tech TITA": 1,
    "ROS 2": 1,
    "RTX 5060 Ti workstation": 1,
    "FLIR Blackfly S": 1,
    "GELLO": 1,
    "custom gripper": 1,
    "ManiSkill3 simulated manipulator": 1,
    "four NVIDIA A100 GPUs reported for benchmark experiments": 1,
    "PR2 in TAMP simulation": 1,
    "pi0.5 hardware manipulation setup": 1,
    "real tabletop robot arm model not disclosed": 1,
    "Boston Dynamics Spot simulated in Isaac Sim": 1,
    "TurtleBot simulated in Isaac Sim": 1,
    "Unitree G1-Edu with Dex-3 hands": 1,
    "JRDB mobile-robot dataset only": 1,
    "no physical robot deployment": 1,
    "official page claims wheeled, legged and flying robots; exact physical platforms not disclosed": 1,
    "KUKA arm with Robotiq Hand-E gripper for confidence-guided exploration": 1,
    "three Intel RealSense D455 cameras for real RGB-D capture": 1,
    "Delto DG-3F-B": 1,
    "Franka Panda gripper": 1,
    "Robotiq 3-Finger": 1,
    "FlexiTac 12x32 pressure pads": 1,
    "GoPro Hero 9 Ultra Wide": 1,
    "UMI-style two-finger gripper": 1,
    "humanoid robot in four simulation scenarios; exact embodiment not disclosed in accessible primary metadata": 1,
    "AgileX Scout Mini": 1,
    "UR10e robot arm": 1,
    "ZED stereo camera": 1,
    "custom acrylic two-finger gripper": 1,
    "high-precision load cell": 1,
    "DROID embodiments": 1,
    "RH20T embodiments": 1,
    "Gazebo simulated quadrotor": 1,
    "Jetson Orin NX quadrotor": 1,
    "RoboTwin 2.0 simulated dual-arm robots": 1,
    "multi-embodiment pretraining robots": 1,
    "BEHAVIOR R1 Pro": 1,
    "RoboCasa simulated robot": 1,
    "MuJoCo simulated manipulation": 1,
    "Unitree G1 simulated humanoid": 1,
    "Milo": 1,
    "Unitree Go2 Air/Pro": 1,
    "MVP-Tac sensor prototype": 1,
    "manually actuated three-finger hand prototype": 1,
    "NICO humanoid in Unity": 1,
    "iRobot Create 3": 1,
    "Polaris RZR Turbo S4 ATV": 1,
    "Yamaha Viking ATV": 1,
    "unspecified physical humanoid": 1,
    "handheld RGB-D mapping rig": 1,
    "Universal Robots UR3e": 1,
    "Boston Dynamics Spot with Spot Arm": 1,
    "AgiBot and DROID platforms": 1,
    "12 kg tensegrity robot": 1,
    "KUKA arm data-collection fixture": 1,
    "40-DOF six-chain simulated system": 1,
    "Universal Robots UR10e": 1,
    "simulated Franka Emika Panda": 1,
    "Engineered Arts Ameca": 1,
    "industrial inspection camera setup": 1,
    "real robot platform (model not disclosed in arXiv abstract)": 1,
    "simulated peg-in-hole manipulation": 1,
    "simulated 3D quadrotor": 1,
    "simulated cartpole": 1,
    "Opentrons OT-2": 1,
    "CARLA simulated autonomous vehicle": 1,
    "RoboDojo simulated manipulators": 1,
    "unspecified physical robot arm": 1,
    "OddityRC 35Pro quadrotor": 1,
    "simulated UAV in CARLA": 1,
    "ARX dual-arm": 1,
    "DOBOT X-Trainer": 1,
    "Ark LIFT2": 1,
    "simulated robot interactions in Isaac Sim": 1,
    "TurtleBot3 Waffle simulated in Gazebo": 1,
    "simulated embodied navigation agent": 1,
    "passive 3-DoF mechanism": 1,
    "two simulated point robots": 1,
    "Copernicus all-terrain ground robot": 1,
    "D4RL MuJoCo Ant": 1,
    "D4RL MuJoCo HalfCheetah": 1,
    "D4RL MuJoCo Hopper": 1,
    "D4RL MuJoCo Walker2d": 1,
    "OpenManipulator-X": 1,
    "SO-101": 1,
    "NVIDIA Jetson Orin onboard controller; non-humanoid/non-legged platform": 1,
    "night-vision-equipped mobile agricultural robot": 1,
    "Crazyflie nano quadrotor": 1,
    "Barrett Hand": 1,
    "Leap Hand": 1,
    "xArm6": 1,
    "tendon-driven continuum robot simulation": 1,
    "Azure Kinect RGB-D camera": 1,
    "DOBOT CRA5 physical robot": 1,
    "Robotiq 2F-140 gripper": 1,
    "Universal Robots UR5 simulation": 1,
    "Sota desktop humanoid robot, approximately 0.3 m, 8 DoF arms torso neck": 1,
    "Allegro Hand V4": 1,
    "Leju Kuavo-V": 1,
    "ANYmal-D simulated": 1,
    "multiple mobile ground robots": 1,
    "Enchanted Tools Mirokaï": 1,
    "EmbodiedCity simulated UAV": 1,
    "custom 280 mm physical quadrotor": 1,
    "ABotN-POIBench": 1,
    "ABotN-PointBench": 1,
    "AMap TuTu quadruped": 1,
    "HM3D Short-Horizon OVON": 1,
    "Ackermann-steered RC ground vehicle with dual cascaded mmWave radar": 1,
    "HuNavSim simulated differential-drive robot": 1,
    "Nav2 simulated mobile robot": 1,
    "AgiBot dataset embodiments": 1,
    "GR00T": 1,
    "LIBERO-PRO simulation": 1,
    "pi0.5": 1,
    "PAL Robotics TIAGo Pro": 1,
    "UR10e": 1,
    "RoboCasa simulated arm": 1,
    "Galaxea A1": 1,
    "Flexiv Rizon4": 1,
    "Wuji Hand": 1,
    "Universal Robots UR5": 1,
    "Insta360 X4": 1,
    "custom differential-drive physical VLN robot": 1,
    "Meta-World simulated Sawyer": 1,
    "da Vinci Xi": 1,
    "Apple Vision Pro": 1,
    "Inspire Robotics dexterous hands": 1,
    "Unitree H1 humanoid": 1,
    "STEMbot": 1,
    "RoboTwin 2.0 aloha-agilex / arx-x5 / franka / ur5 simulated embodiments": 1,
    "real-world bimanual manipulation platform (model not disclosed in verified sources)": 1,
    "Boston Dynamics Spot sequences from M3ED": 1,
    "wearable 360 visual-inertial rig": 1,
    "Nav2": 1,
    "TurtleBot 4 simulated in Gazebo": 1,
    "HomeRobot OVMM simulated mobile manipulator": 1,
    "Orbbec Gemini 335": 1,
    "robot-mounted RGB-D capture": 1,
    "KUKA IIWA 14": 1,
    "ALFWorld Text simulated agent": 1,
    "Bench2Drive simulated vehicle": 1,
    "HA-VLN-CE simulated agent": 1,
    "simulated Clearpath Jackal": 1,
    "Intel NUC13 onboard computers": 1,
    "Livox Mid-360 LiDAR": 1,
    "two Red Rover mobile robots": 1,
    "Unitree Go2 modified simulation": 1,
    "BEHAVIOR-1K simulated mobile manipulator": 1,
    "ARX ACONE": 1,
    "AgileX ALOHA": 1,
    "ALOHA bimanual platform": 1,
    "custom five-finger dexterous hand": 1,
    "Piper X": 1,
    "SimplerEnv-Bridge simulation": 1,
    "generic robot arm demonstration": 1,
    "OpenVLA frozen policy": 1,
    "RL4VLA benchmark": 1,
    "VL-Think benchmark": 1,
    "pi0 frozen policy": 1,
    "WidowX benchmark": 1,
    "Shadow Hand simulation": 1,
    "Tac3D vision-based tactile sensors": 1,
    "UR5 arm": 1,
    "no physical robot; methodology spans manipulation-oriented systems": 1,
    "Franka Isaac Sim": 1,
    "Language Table recorded robot data": 1,
    "CARLA Bench2Drive simulated autonomous vehicle": 1,
    "no robot deployment; E-3DTrack real event-camera benchmark": 1,
    "simulated nonholonomic crowd-navigation robot": 1,
    "DeepMind Control Reacher": 1,
    "OGBench-Cube simulated arm": 1,
    "RECON visual navigation dataset": 1,
    "XArm simulated rope manipulation": 1,
    "InteriorGS simulated camera agent": 1,
    "AgileX dual-arm manipulation platform": 1,
    "LIBERO single-arm simulation": 1,
    "simulated dual-finger robot": 1,
    "RoboTwin 2.0 simulated dual-arm benchmark": 1,
    "no physical robot platform evaluated": 1,
    "SAPIEN source simulator": 1,
    "SO-101 low-cost arm": 1,
    "egocentric and top-down visual navigation agents": 1,
    "Dexmate robot": 1,
    "two Sharpa dexterous hands": 1,
    "robotics taxonomy reference; no evaluated platform": 1,
    "quadruped with foot-mounted ToF sensors": 1,
    "tabletop manipulation robot": 1,
    "RTX 5000 Ada whole-body tracker": 1,
    "RTX 5090 policy server": 1,
    "Habitat VLN-CE simulated agent": 1,
    "AgileX Hunter 2.0 mobile robot": 1,
    "distributed ROS 2 laboratory workloads": 1,
    "GR1 source embodiment": 1,
    "RB-Y1 holonomic base + 6-DoF torso + dual 7-DoF arms + XHands": 1,
    "KYON": 1,
    "HuRoN social-navigation platform": 1,
    "RECON navigation platforms": 1,
    "SCAND mobile robots": 1,
    "TartanDrive off-road vehicle": 1,
    "dual Flexiv Rizon 4S": 1,
    "LimX Dynamics Oli": 1,
    "UFACTORY xArm7 manipulator": 1,
    "MuJoCo/mjlab": 1,
    "single RTX 5090": 1,
    "ManiFeel simulated robot": 1,
    "UniVTAC simulated robot": 1,
    "author real-robot platform (hardware not disclosed)": 1,
    "MuJoCo sim2sim": 1,
    "Noitom motion capture": 1,
    "full-hand tactile manipulation platform (unspecified)": 1,
    "Habitat GOAT-Bench agent": 1,
    "Unitree Go2 quadruped": 1,
    "simulated Go2 in Isaac Sim": 1,
    "Gazebo/FFBot simulation": 1,
    "ROS 2 demonstration stack": 1,
    "WindowX manipulator": 1,
    "Hexmove Echo mobile base": 1,
    "RealMan RM65-6F arm": 1,
    "full-scale autonomous car": 1,
    "offline rollout evaluation": 1,
    "real-world navigation datasets": 1,
    "Lima humanoid": 1,
    "Dex3-1 hand physical": 1,
    "Isaac Sim 5.0 / Isaac Lab 2.2": 1,
    "WUJI 20-DoF hand simulation": 1,
    "R1 humanoid": 1,
    "wheeled dual-arm mobile manipulator": 1,
    "CASBOT W1 mobile manipulator": 1,
    "ManiSkill2 single-arm robots": 1,
    "simulated Shadow Hand": 1,
    "Inspire hands 24-DoF simulation": 1,
    "Unitree G1 29-DoF simulation": 1,
    "Franka Emika physical manipulator": 1,
    "RoboTwin AgileX dual-arm simulation": 1,
    "Robomimic Can Transport simulated manipulation setup": 1,
    "RoboMME simulated manipulation environments": 1,
    "Kuavo4 Pro": 1,
    "Kinova Gen3 7-DoF with parallel-jaw gripper": 1,
    "simulated free-floating UMI gripper": 1,
    "VR-H3 simulated humanoid": 1,
    "ARX dual-arm robot": 1,
    "Dexmate Vega1": 1,
    "Tokyo Robotics Torobo Humanoid": 1,
    "7-DoF humanoid arm with 6-DoF dexterous hand": 1,
    "ALOHA ViperX single arm": 1,
    "ALOHA bimanual": 1,
    "3-DoF active neck": 1,
    "Pika Sense grippers": 1,
    "VIVE Tracker 3": 1,
    "repurposed 5-axis CNC milling machine for tactile probing (measurement rig, not autonomous robot task)": 1,
    "Calterah 4T4R 60GHz mmWave radar": 1,
    "Robotera XHand 12-DoF dexterous hand": 1,
    "Sipeed 6+1Mic Array": 1,
    "infiRay T2S thermal cameras": 1,
    "table-top robot with Robotera XHand 12-DoF dexterous hand": 1,
    "tabletop robot arm platform": 1,
    "LEAP dexterous hand (author qualitative real grasp-policy rollouts)": 1,
    "NASA Robonaut2 (offline retargeting/IK only)": 1,
    "Unitree G1 (offline retargeting/IK only)": 1,
    "XLeRobot (preview retargeting artifacts)": 1,
    "dual Franka FR3 (author qualitative real execution)": 1,
    "Ghost Robotics Vision 60 quadruped": 1,
    "XPENG embodied humanoid stack (specific hardware not disclosed)": 1,
    "20+ embodiments": 1,
    "Unitree G1 video": 1,
    "Highway-Env simulated autonomous vehicle": 1,
    "unspecified simulated humanoid with 69D PD actions": 1,
    "Fourier N1": 1,
    "Unitree H1 v2": 1,
    "51-DoF SMPL-X right hand": 1,
    "Astribot S1 humanoid": 1,
    "Dobot X-Trainer bimanual": 1,
    "JAKA K1": 1,
    "Flexiv Xense": 1,
    "SharpaDexmate force-control platforms": 1,
    "SharpaNorth dexterous platforms": 1,
    "TactileUMI": 1,
    "UniVTAC simulation; no humanoid whole-body result claimed": 1,
    "robotic manipulation datasets: GM-100, RH20T, REASSEMBLE, AIST-Bimanual": 1,
    "Unitree G1 23-DoF simulation model": 1,
    "Fourier GR-1 upper-body simulation": 1,
    "Inspire-Robots hand": 1,
    "Rokae xMate ER3 Pro arm": 1,
    "Franka Emika arm": 1,
    "two Xense tactile sensors": 1,
    "AgileX Piper dual-arm platform": 1,
    "four Intel RealSense D435i cameras": 1,
    "SONIC whole-body controller": 1,
    "dual ALOHA2 grippers": 1,
    "head-mounted Intel RealSense D435i": 1,
    "10 degree slope": 1,
    "15 degree slope": 1,
    "29-DoF Unitree G1": 1,
    "flat ground": 1,
    "grass": 1,
    "gravel": 1,
    "two Intel RealSense D435i cameras": 1,
    "two Xense Photon tactile sensors": 1,
    "OpenPI policy backends": 1,
    "RoboLab Isaac Lab compatible robot": 1,
    "ALOHA-style bimanual teleoperation platform": 1,
    "ViperX300s follower arm": 1,
    "WidowX250 leader arm": 1,
    "three Intel RealSense D405 cameras": 1,
    "physical G1-class humanoid; exact hardware specification not disclosed": 1,
    "Luxonis OAK-D W": 1,
    "SONIC controller": 1,
    "AgiBot G1 humanoid": 1,
    "DROID Franka platform": 1,
    "KUKA iiwa": 1,
    "Toyota HSR mobile manipulator": 1,
    "human MANO hand skeleton": 1,
    "Unitree H1 kinematic retargeting": 1,
    "autonomous vehicle simulation only; no humanoid or legged robot evidence": 1,
    "AGIBOT-G01": 1,
    "ARX manipulators": 1,
    "dual-arm Franka": 1,
    "wheel-legged quadruped simulation": 1,
    "RoboTwin2.0 simulated bimanual robots": 1,
    "bimanual ALOHA in RoboChallenge": 1,
    "single-arm Franka": 1,
    "SO-101 leader/follower arm": 1,
    "PiPER-X bimanual": 1,
    "PiPER-X single-arm": 1,
    "Jetson Thor ground robot": 1,
    "Galaxea R1-Lite": 1,
    "Droid dataset robot arms": 1,
    "UF robot arm": 1,
    "Xense Robotics tactile gripper": 1,
    "dual quadruped mobile manipulators": 1,
    "in-house quadruped": 1,
    "WidowX 250": 1,
    "PICO 4 headset/controllers": 1,
    "three lower-body trackers": 1,
    "two UMI-style fisheye grippers": 1,
    "DROID real robot platform": 1,
    "RoboTwin 2.0 benchmark": 1,
    "new humanoid embodiments (author-reported; platform undisclosed)": 1,
    "simulated humanoid (model not disclosed in reviewed primary source)": 1,
    "AC One dual-arm platform": 1,
    "RoboTwin 2.0 simulation": 1,
    "X2-N transformable wheel-legged humanoid": 1,
    "WSG50 gripper with fin-ray fingers": 1,
    "iPhone-based UMI/iPhUMI": 1,
    "22kg differential-drive base": 1,
    "NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX": 1,
    "Velodyne VLP-16": 1,
    "two SO-101 arms": 1,
    "simulated humanoid agents": 1,
    "hopper hardware comparison": 1,
    "Franka Panda 7-DoF with parallel-jaw gripper": 1,
    "Shadow Hand compatible simulation": 1,
    "custom mobile manipulator": 1,
    "ARX5": 1,
    "legged mobile manipulator": 1,
    "RoboTwin simulated bimanual manipulation platforms": 1,
    "simulated multi-embodiment benchmarks": 1,
    "custom dual-arm electronic-skin platform": 1,
    "Franka Research 3 with parallel-jaw gripper": 1,
    "Meta-World Sawyer simulation": 1,
    "three static ZED2i RGB-D cameras": 1,
    "ANYmal-D": 1,
    "B2": 1,
    "Unitree AlienGo quadruped": 1,
    "simulation quadruped": 1,
    "AgileX bimanual platform": 1,
    "parallel grippers": 1,
    "two 6-DoF arms": 1,
    "DX200-2.8mm wrist camera": 1,
    "MEVIUS2": 1,
    "Franka Panda LIBERO simulation": 1,
    "RLBench simulated manipulator": 1,
    "Galaxy-R1": 1,
    "846g PX4 quadrotor with Jetson Orin NX 16GB": 1,
    "handheld LiDAR-Visual-ToF-Inertial collection rig": 1,
    "Gazebo mobile robot": 1,
    "lightweight omnidirectional mobile robot": 1,
    "heterogeneous robot manipulators described conceptually": 1,
    "AgileX PIPER arm": 1,
    "LIBERO simulator": 1,
    "Antobot agricultural ground robot platform": 1,
    "HM3D and MP3D simulated agents": 1,
    "ALOHA simulation": 1,
    "MetaWorld simulated arm": 1,
    "SimplerEnv WidowX/Google Robot simulation": 1,
    "AgileX Cobot Magic with Piper arms": 1,
    "Interbotix WidowX 250S": 1,
    "DROID Franka-style manipulation platform": 1,
    "Xense-QN1 tactile sensors": 1,
    "parallel two-finger gripper": 1,
    "Bridge simulated WidowX-style benchmark": 1,
    "LIBERO simulated manipulation robot": 1,
    "two physical Unitree Go2 with Unitree L1 4D LiDAR": 1,
    "up to four simulated Unitree Go2": 1,
    "ZERITH Z1 onboard deployment claim without quantified physical trials": 1,
    "simulated ZERITH Z1 humanoid": 1,
    "SO-101 dual arm": 1,
    "Cassie": 1,
    "Unitree A1": 1,
    "A1": 1,
    "ANYmal": 1,
    "AlienGo": 1,
    "B1": 1,
    "Cheetah": 1,
    "MIT Mini Cheetah": 1,
    "Booster T1 29-DoF": 1,
    "author real-robot platform (model not disclosed in reviewed first-party sources)": 1,
    "16-DOF dexterous hand": 1,
    "7-DOF humanoid robotic arm": 1,
    "PaXini tactile arrays": 1,
    "two Intel RealSense D435 cameras": 1,
    "Unitree G1 36-DoF": 1,
    "ALOHA 2 platform": 1,
    "DROID Franka Panda": 1,
    "RoboLab120 community platform": 1,
    "Trossen WidowX": 1,
    "humanoid target platform not sufficiently specified for reproduction": 1,
    "HumanoidBench simulated humanoid": 1,
    "IsaacGym/TacSL simulation": 1,
    "official real-robot platform not fully specified": 1,
    "Dexmal DOS-W1 dual-arm mobile robot": 1,
    "MIKASA simulated manipulation environments": 1,
    "MoMaRT mobile-manipulation benchmark": 1,
    "robomimic simulated manipulator": 1,
    "RoboTwin 2.0 simulated dual-arm embodiments": 1,
    "X-One dual-arm robot": 1,
    "Monte dual-arm whole-body robot": 1,
    "end-effector 6-axis force/torque sensors": 1,
    "robotic grippers": 1,
    "two 7-DoF X-ARM arms": 1,
    "wrist RGB-D cameras": 1,
    "Unitree Dex-3 three-finger dexterous hands": 1,
    "AgiBot G1 mobile bimanual manipulator": 1,
    "Franka single-arm robot": 1,
    "YAM robot": 1,
    "human egocentric video": 1,
    "ZERITH Z1": 1,
    "Agilex Piper dual-arm robot": 1,
    "three Intel RealSense cameras": 1,
    "29-DoF Unitree G1 humanoid": 1,
    "7-DOF tactile-reactive gripper": 1,
    "GelSight Mini tactile palm": 1,
    "RealSense D415 for predefined-pose fruit experiment": 1,
    "UR5e arm": 1,
    "three 16x8 fingertip tactile arrays": 1,
    "Digit 360 tactile sensors": 1,
    "NVIDIA Isaac Lab Unitree G1 simulation": 1,
    "Jackal navigation": 1,
    "ROS2/Nav2": 1,
    "real dual-arm bimanual manipulation platform; exact robot model not named in verified summary": 1,
    "ANYmal-D quadruped": 1,
    "Intel NUC": 1,
    "ZED2 stereo camera": 1,
    "Unitree H1 19 controlled joints": 1,
    "Unitree H1 simulation": 1,
    "Unitree B1 simulation": 1,
    "NVIDIA RTX 3090": 1,
    "leader-follower teleoperation": 1,
    "two Intel RealSense D405 cameras": 1,
    "Unitree G1 humanoid robot (29 DoF)": 1,
    "robosuite simulated Franka": 1,
    "GR1": 1,
    "ARAtronica humanoid robot": 1,
    "Unitree Dex3-1 dexterous hands": 1,
    "onboard Jetson Orin NX": 1,
    "AgiBot dual arm": 1,
    "DROID robots": 1,
    "LIBERO simulated Panda": 1,
    "UR30e": 1,
    "TidyBot++": 1,
    "holonomic mobile base": 1,
    "Franka Emika 7-DoF arm": 1,
    "ZED Mini wrist camera": 1,
    "two ZED 2 cameras": 1,
    "PSYONIC Ability Hand": 1,
    "Robot Era XHand": 1,
    "six simulated robot hands": 1,
    "AGILEX ALOHA": 1,
    "RoboTwin 2.0 robots": 1,
    "Inspire Hand RH56DFX dexterous hands": 1,
    "head-mounted camera": 1,
    "humanoid teleoperation platform": 1,
    "piezo-resistive tactile carpet": 1,
    "Realman RM75 7DoF arm": 1,
    "XHand 12DoF dexterous hand": 1,
    "Franka Emika (dual arm)": 1,
    "Franka Emika (single arm)": 1,
    "Gello teleoperation": 1,
    "Tashan TS-E-A tactile sensors": 1,
    "Booster T1 humanoid": 1,
    "Unitree G1 with Dex1 7-DoF dexterous arm": 1,
    "Unitree dual-arm Z1": 1,
    "Diablo differential-drive chassis": 1,
    "custom wheeled bimanual platform": 1,
    "two ViperX-300 arms with grippers": 1,
    "10 additional legged systems": 1,
    "ANYmal D": 1,
    "Minimal": 1,
    "Tytan": 1,
    "ANYmal-C simulation": 1,
    "ANYmal-D simulation": 1,
    "Unitree Go1 simulation": 1,
    "Unitree Go2 simulation": 1,
    "MuJoCo visualization": 1,
    "generic simulated humanoid with two hands and two feet": 1,
    "Kuafu simulated humanoid": 1,
    "6-axis torque/force sensor": 1,
    "BTS E-textile tactile sensor": 1,
    "DYNAMIXEL XC330-M288-T gripper actuation": 1,
    "GelSight tactile sensor": 1,
    "custom compliant variable-stiffness robotic gripper on a robotic arm": 1,
    "FLORES 16-DoF wheel-legged quadruped": 1,
    "Unitree B2-W comparison platform": 1,
    "wheeled Franka mobile manipulator": 1,
    "Beijing Institute of Technology BHR10 physical humanoid (26 DoF, 62 kg, 1.6 m)": 1,
    "onboard RGB-D camera": 1,
    "two foot force sensors": 1,
    "PAL Robotics REEM-C 30-DoF humanoid with whole-body artificial tactile skin": 1,
    "UMI-derived handheld data-collection gripper with dual high-resolution tactile sensors": 1,
    "real manipulation arm platform (paper does not disclose a reproducible hardware BOM)": 1,
    "Franka Emika FR3": 1,
    "HomeRobot / Habitat OVMM benchmark": 1,
    "10 high-resolution fingertip tactile sensors": 1,
    "ZED Mini stereo camera": 1,
    "two Realman robot arms": 1,
    "two development-version 5-finger 17-DoF SharpaWave dexterous hands": 1,
    "two wrist-mounted fisheye cameras": 1,
    "simulated robotic manipulation arms in ManiSkill2 real2sim environments": 1,
    "MuJoCo RHP7 tactile simulation": 1,
    "RHP7 Kaleido life-size humanoid robot": 1,
    "robot arm through URDF inverse kinematics; exact downstream robot variants are task-dependent": 1,
    "wearable visuo-tactile gripper": 1,
    "Unitree B2 quadruped + Unitree Z1 6-DoF arm": 1,
    "Unitree G1 29-DoF humanoid": 1,
    "JVRC1 MuJoCo humanoid simulation": 1,
    "RHP Kaleido life-sized humanoid robot": 1,
    "Four-wheeled differential-drive mobile base with RGB-D camera, LiDAR and IMU; 7-DoF Kinova Gen3 arm, parallel gripper and wrist RGB-D camera": 1,
    "Ameca humanoid robot": 1,
    "X2C virtual humanoid face": 1,
    "UR5e simulation": 1,
    "Franka Research 3 Gripper with custom 3D-printed tactile fingers": 1,
    "Unitree G1 model in MuJoCo": 1,
    "simulated trolley and boxes": 1,
    "Kuavo humanoid robot (Leju Robotics platform)": 1,
    "Unitree G1 21-DoF humanoid with adaptive grippers and two RGB-D cameras": 1,
    "Unitree H1-2 27-DoF humanoid with Inspire Hand 6-DoF grippers and two RGB-D cameras": 1,
    "custom TRX Hand, three fingers, eight fully actuated joints": 1,
    "robot arm holding the hand fixed during in-hand trials": 1,
    "three in-house curved piezoresistive tactile arrays, 128 taxels per fingertip": 1,
    "HEXMOVE dual-arm mobile manipulator": 1,
    "PiPER arms": 1,
    "RoboCasa simulated robots": 1,
    "follower Franka Emika Panda": 1,
    "leader Franka Emika Panda": 1,
    "Dual Flexiv Rizon 4 robot arms with GRAV grippers": 1,
    "Dexbot humanoid simulation prototype": 1,
    "Unitree B2 quadruped": 1,
    "Unitree Z1 Pro arm": 1,
    "ball bucket end-effector": 1,
    "custom reinforced Z1 links": 1,
    "Atlas humanoid model (Isaac Gym simulation)": 1,
    "BRUCE humanoid model (Isaac Gym simulation)": 1,
    "JVRC-1 humanoid model (Isaac Gym simulation)": 1,
    "Unitree G1 humanoid model (Isaac Gym simulation media)": 1,
    "Unitree H1 humanoid model (Isaac Gym simulation)": 1,
    "Jetson Orin NX": 1,
    "Microsoft Azure Kinect RGB-D camera": 1,
    "RHP Friends humanoid": 1,
    "Stereo Labs ZED Mini camera": 1,
    "two commercial Sake Grippers": 1,
    "Xiao-Man bipedal humanoid": 1,
    "joint encoders": 1,
    "trunk-mounted depth camera": 1,
    "simulated 20.5 kg 19-DoF humanoid": 1,
    "Apple Vision Pro teleoperation station": 1,
    "Fourier GR-1 humanoid robot (simulation)": 1,
    "UR5 robotic arm (Isaac Gym simulation)": 1,
    "two simulated GelSight Mini optical tactile sensors": 1,
    "SATYRR bi-wheeled humanoid robot": 1,
    "whole-body human-machine interface with torso haptic feedback": 1,
    "NVIDIA Isaac Gym": 1,
    "Unitree Go2 qualitative transfer": 1,
    "WR-2 12-joint quadruped": 1,
    "IHMC Nadia humanoid": 1,
    "forearm-mounted 12 lb dumbbell": 1,
    "joint torque and contact-wrench state estimation": 1,
    "two Robotiq two-finger grippers": 1,
    "two Universal Robots UR3 collaborative arms": 1,
    "Agility Robotics Digit humanoid": 1,
    "Intel RealSense D415 RGB-D camera": 1,
    "UR5 robotic arm": 1,
    "microphone": 1,
    "parallel gripper": 1,
    "MIT Humanoid": 1,
    "unidentified physical robot manipulator with two fingertip tactile sensor arrays": 1,
    "Isaac Sim 2023 main branch": 1,
    "Isaac Sim 5.0 experimental branch": 1,
    "PR2 full-size humanoid simulated platform": 1,
    "EC66 robotic arm": 1,
    "Oasis-600C automated guided vehicle": 1,
    "ZED 2i binocular depth camera": 1,
    "Isaac Gym simulated humanoid": 1,
    "centaur-like wheel-legged humanoid": 1,
    "head depth camera": 1,
    "pelvis depth camera": 1,
    "right claw gripper": 1,
    "two arms": 1,
    "Dobot Magician robotic arm": 1,
    "Intel RealSense D435 depth camera": 1,
    "simulated 9-DoF Franka kitchen": 1,
    "CMU Humanoid simulated 56-DoF model": 1,
    "DMControl": 1,
    "16 Force-Sensing Resistors": 1,
    "16-DOF Allegro Hand": 1,
    "Microsoft Azure Kinect": 1,
    "XArm6 robot arm": 1,
    "Choreonoid/Hrpsys simulation": 1,
    "Isaac Gym simulation": 1,
    "JAXON full-sized humanoid": 1,
    "ANYmal-C 四足": 1,
    "CENTAURO hybrid leg-wheel quadruped with humanoid dual-arm upper body": 1,
    "DAGANA 1-DoF gripper on right arm": 1,
    "passive ball-shaped end-effector on left arm": 1,
    "Intel RealSense D435 x2": 1,
    "Unitree B1 quadruped": 1,
    "ANYmal D quadruped": 1,
    "KUKA KR30 robot arm": 1,
    "custom soft magnetoelectric finger": 1,
    "ANYmal B quadruped": 1,
    "Kinova 6-DoF arm": 1,
    "Vicon motion-capture assisted task setup": 1,
    "Research humanoid platform used for the project real-robot loco-manipulation deployment (model not disclosed in the audited primary sources)": 1,
    "WidowX 250 6-DoF robot arm": 1,
    "TacTip high-resolution tactile sensors": 1,
    "two DOBOT MG400 4-DoF industrial desktop arms": 1,
    "Hello Robot Stretch mobile manipulator": 1,
    "robosuite simulated 7-DoF manipulator": 1,
    "Agility Robotics Digit humanoid (approximately 1.6 m, 45 kg, 30 DoF; 16 actuated joints controlled by learned policy)": 1,
    "ANYmal quadruped simulation": 1,
    "Solo12 quadruped real robot": 1,
    "Talos humanoid simulation": 1,
    "Intel RealSense RGB-D camera": 1,
    "Unitree Laikago quadruped": 1,
    "modified 5-DoF ViperX 300 arm": 1,
    "Franka Panda with parallel gripper": 1,
    "DOBOT MG400 4-DoF desktop arm": 1,
    "Franka Emika Panda simulation path": 1,
    "KUKA LBR iiwa simulation path": 1,
    "UR5 simulated arm": 1,
    "UR5 physical arm": 1,
    "Unitree A1 quadruped": 1,
    "physical wheeled navigation robot": 1,
    "xArm physical arm": 1,
    "BlockPush benchmark": 1,
    "CARLA driving simulation": 1,
    "Franka kitchen simulated manipulation environment": 1,
    "fixed-base tabletop robot with RGB-D observation and pick-place primitive": 1,
    "tactile-sensor evaluation platforms; no humanoid or legged robot result claimed": 1,
    "multi-finger robotic hand with DIGIT tactile sensors": 1,
    "机器人指尖/夹爪（触觉状态估计与控制）": 1,
    "7 heterogeneous robot-arm platforms including Franka and Kuka": 1,
    "URDF/SDF/MJCF articulated robots; humanoid and legged use is supported by the official Stack-of-Tasks integration, not a paper-specific benchmark": 1,
    "ANYdrive SEA 关节模块": 1,
    "ANYmal 中型四足": 1,
    "RoboTurk manipulation environments and remote robot-arm teleoperation platform": 1,
    "reconfigurable wheel-legged robot model in V-REP simulation; no physical robot disclosed": 1,
    "game environments only; no physical robot": 1,
    "real robot manipulation platform": 1,
    "ANYmal quadruped": 1,
    "real robot arm for nonprehensile pushing": 1,
    "10 x 7-DoF robot arms for real-world pushing": 1,
    "Boston Dynamics Atlas": 1,
    "CellulARSkin modular artificial-skin patches on whole upper body": 1,
    "HRP-2 full-sized humanoid robot": 1,
    "X-RHex 六足": 1
  },
  "robot_metadata_missing": 3044,
  "external_union_coverage": {
    "external_union_unique": 3778,
    "retained_after_relevance_and_size_bound": 3777,
    "retention_rate": 0.9997,
    "legacy_curated_retained": 503,
    "legacy_curated_total": 540,
    "legacy_unmatched_awaiting_review": 33,
    "openalex_matched_existing_for_enrichment": 2864,
    "openalex_unmatched_awaiting_review": 224,
    "openalex_reviewed_scope_exclusions_suppressed": 2
  },
  "decision_completeness": {
    "project_contracts": 124,
    "with_five_verdicts": 124,
    "with_frozen_experiment": 124,
    "with_manual_onmachine_gate": 124,
    "with_rollback": 124,
    "pending_sim_smoke": 33,
    "automation_policy": "simulation_only_and_reversible; cron cannot change reward, replace production models or send robot actions"
  },
  "goal_audit": {
    "policy": "本审计只报告当前证据；partial/remaining 不得解释为已完成。",
    "items": [
      {
        "id": "1_corpus_and_artifacts",
        "status": "partial",
        "evidence": {
          "papers": 3777,
          "paper_detail_indexed": 3777,
          "repositories": 641
        },
        "remaining": "论文已超过3000且可检索，但代码/权重/数据/许可证并非每篇都已深核验；孤立论文和候选仓库仍需逐步补证据。"
      },
      {
        "id": "2_robot_market_pages",
        "status": "partial",
        "evidence": {
          "companies": 168,
          "models": 350,
          "identity_holds": 3
        },
        "remaining": "市场页面和更新时间已接线；身份冲突条目仍需一手型号证据，不能自动升级。"
      },
      {
        "id": "3_unified_semantic_anatomy",
        "status": "partial",
        "evidence": {
          "papers_with_anatomy": 3777,
          "fallback_only": 161,
          "disclosure_graded": 3777
        },
        "remaining": "所有记录已有语义路由和 anatomy 外壳，但 fallback-only 条目仍需一手机制字段回填。"
      },
      {
        "id": "4_wam_visual_tactile_priority",
        "status": "partial",
        "evidence": {
          "wam_papers": 203,
          "wam_profiles": 203,
          "real_evidence": 131
        },
        "remaining": "WAM/视觉触觉横评与深审已建立，跨本体独立复现和开放制品仍不足。"
      },
      {
        "id": "5_daily_discovery_and_review",
        "status": "partial",
        "evidence": {
          "daily_items": 1,
          "watchlist_targets": 2872,
          "discovery_status": "published"
        },
        "remaining": "每日发现、去重、人工核验和 NAS→OSS 已运行；当天无达标实践条目时保持空快报，外部来源并集仍非全集。"
      },
      {
        "id": "6_scoring_and_labels",
        "status": "partial",
        "evidence": {
          "controlled_tags": 326,
          "milestones": 221,
          "frontier_reviewed": 1034
        },
        "remaining": "近期性、社区证据、跨域创新和反证已进入排序；完整历史金标准仍需继续校准。"
      },
      {
        "id": "7_lineage_and_four_views",
        "status": "partial",
        "evidence": {
          "comparison_relations": 4419,
          "graph_relations": 20475,
          "project_contracts": 124
        },
        "remaining": "同期、团队、模块、实验决策四视图已上线；部分论文谱系仍明确标记 insufficient_evidence。"
      }
    ]
  },
  "isolated_records": {
    "paper_only": 476,
    "repository_only": 0,
    "project_page_only": 0
  },
  "coverage_limitations": [
    "首轮覆盖以 OpenAlex 与既有人工目录并集为主，尚未等价于全部会议/OpenReview/arXiv 的全集。",
    "日常自动发现不得直接新增 canonical；未匹配记录进入候选池，只有人工 intake seed 可以晋级。",
    "引用、机构和 venue 元数据用于缺口发现，不替代原论文与工程核验。",
    "社区复现、许可证与实机证据只对里程碑和重点项目进行深度核验。"
  ],
  "discovery_failures": []
}
